>> Clinical description
Acne (or Acne vulgaris) is a skin disease with skin lesions usually occurring on the face, upper neck, chest, back, or shoulders. Acne can be inflammatory (more severe) or non-inflammatory (commonly manifested as pimples or zits). Although acne doesn't cause physical disability per se, it can result in chronic, unpleasant emotional stress which may lead to reduced self-esteem. In some severe cases, it may be the underlying contributor of some depression and suicide cases (J Paediatr Child Health 42 (12): 793?6).
>> Incidence and prevalence
Approximately, 17 million people in USA have acne (NIAMS, 2001), making it the most common skin disorder. The lifetime prevalence is ~85%, mostly occurring between teenage and early twenties. The condition affects all races, age-groups, and genders. Fortunately, acne normally diminishes when patients reach their thirties, but it may stay much longer in other cases. In addition, inadequate treatments of acne may leave scars on the affected areas permanently. Thus, cautions must be taken with acne treatment.
>> Possible causes
The exact etiology of acne is unknown, however, it's believed to be caused by the interplay of multiple factors (ie: including biological and physical environments, and genetics). It's believed that the surge of increased production of androgen (male sex hormone) during puberty in both male and female contributes to the increased likelihood of acne development. This particular hormone causes the sebaceous glands to enlarge and produce more sebum. On the other hand, genetics may also play a role, which is evidenced by the greater likelihood of acne development in children with a family history. Lastly, pregnancy or certain drugs, which alters the androgen level, may also cause acne.
>> Treatment
Due to the possible cause of acne flare or scar formation, one should NOT attempt to recuperate the affected areas by 1) rubbing the skin, 2) scrubbing the skin, 3) putting high pressure on the skin, or 4) squeezing or picking at the blemishes. These are more likely to make it worse and cause scar formation.
Patients with mild condition may try various available treatment options at their own discretion. Severe cases should seek medical doctors who usually recommend an OTC or prescription topical medication (ie: Benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and resorcinol). The commercial products of these treatments are available in many forms (ie: gel, lotion, or soap) and can be applied on the affected areas. The OTC acne treatment may result in temporary side effects such as irritation, burning, or redness of the skin. Prolonged or severe side effects should warrant the cessation of the treatment and one should further discuss with his/her doctor.
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