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21:25 February 14, 2009 | All news from "Cancer"

Estudo associa uso frequente de maconha com cncer de testculo

da BBC Brasil

O uso frequente ou em longo prazo de maconha pode dobrar os riscos de um usuário desenvolver câncer de testículo, segundo um estudo do Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, nos Estados Unidos.

O estudo, publicado na revista especializada “Cancer”, entrevistou 369 pacientes de câncer de testículo e concluiu que o uso frequente da droga dobrava o risco de desenvolver a doença em comparação com os homens que nunca fumaram maconha.

Os resultados sugerem ainda que a maconha pode estar associada à forma mais agressiva deste câncer.

Esse é o primeiro estudo a analisar, especificamente, a relação entre o uso de maconha e câncer de testículo.

Tipo raro

O câncer de testículo corresponde a 5% dos casos de tumores malignos entre os homens, segundo o Instituto Nacional do Câncer, e afeta entre 3 a 5 indivíduos a cada 100 mil.

Ele é mais comum entre homens com idades entre 15 e 50 anos e tem alto índice de cura, principalmente se for diagnosticado no estágio inicial.

A incidência na Europa e na América do Norte é bem mais alta do que em outras regiões do mundo, e vêm aumentando sem nenhuma razão aparente.

Os fatores conhecidos da doença incluem ferimentos nos testículos, histórico familiar, ou a criptorquidia (testículo que não desce para a bolsa escrotal durante a infância).

No estudo, foram entrevistados 369 homens, com idade entre 18 e 44 anos, que haviam sido diagnosticados com câncer de testículo. Eles responderam perguntas sobre seus hábitos de fumar maconha.

Suas respostas foram comparadas às de cerca mil homens, aparentemente saudáveis.

Mesmo depois de ajustar os números levando em consideração outros fatores, o uso da maconha permaneceu como um claro fator de risco para o câncer de testículo.

O estudo indicou que fumar maconha aumenta em 70% o risco e que fumar maconha com frequência ou fumar desde a adolescência aumenta o risco em 100% em comparação com os que nunca fumaram.

Também foi encontrada uma relação do uso da droga com o não-seminoma, um tipo mais agressivo de câncer testicular, que corresponde a cerca de 40% dos casos e tende a atingir os mais jovens.

Puberdade

Segundo Janet Daling, uma das autoras do estudo, na puberdade os homens estariam mais vulneráveis a fatores ambientais, como a ação de substâncias químicas encontradas na maconha, por exemplo.

“Isso é consistente com a conclusão do estudo de maior risco do tipo de câncer testicular não-seminoma estar particularmente associado ao uso de maconha antes dos 18 anos”, disse ela.

Segundo Stephen Schwartz, que também participou do estudo, “o que os jovens devem saber é que, primeiro, sabemos pouco sobre as consequências do uso da maconha para a saúde a longo prazo, especialmente, do uso frequente, e segundo, nosso estudo traz alguma evidência de que o câncer de testículo pode ser uma dessas consequências”.

O próximo passo, diz ele, seria estudar mais a fundo as células nos testículos para verificar se alguma delas têm receptores para as substâncias encontradas na maconha.

Segundo Henry Scowcroft do instituto Cancer Research UK, para que seja alcançada qualquer conclusão firme sobre a relação entre causa e efeito nos casos de câncer de testículo é preciso um estudo envolvendo um número muito maior de pacientes.



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Original source: http://infosol.wordpress.com/2009/02/14/estudo-associa-uso-frequente-de-maconha-com-cancer-de-testiculo/




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