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11:33 October 14, 2008 | All news from "Diabetes"

Bloeddruk. Ek het gedink ek vrek.

Jip. Ek is terug. Ek het die hele naweek siek en doodmoeg gevoel, (eintlik weke al) met benoudheid en krampe. Teen die tyd wat ek Maandag (vrywillig, en dit seg alles...) by die dokter uitkom kap ek toe 'n bloeddrukkie van 180 op 120, blykbaar glad nie gesond nie. 'n Spuit en 'n hand vol pilletjies later, is ek toe huis toe, en het Maandag omtrent omgeslaap. Sommer 'n suikerpilletjie ook - want die is toe ook so klein bietjie hoog. Volgens die dokter is die rede alles van 'n paar ekstra kilo's, tot die hitte en my veelbesproke stres die laaste twee jaar. Ek voel darem vandag baie beter. Wanneer laas het jy jou bloeddruk en suiker laat toets. Dit is so vinnig (en amper verniet) dat almal dit behoort te doen, en jare by hulle lewens (hopelik) bysit. Ek het so bietjie gaan lees oor bloeddruk.

Teen 2010 gaan meer Suid-Afrikaners aan hartsiektes sterf as aan vigs. Meer as 6 miljoen Suid-Afrikaners ly aan hoë bloeddruk, ?n groot hart-risikofaktor, en dié syfer neem toe. Tog ontvang slegs een uit elke vyf bloeddruk-lyers behandeling. Selfs diegene wie wel behandeling ontvang, se bloeddruk word nie in alle gevalle voldoende beheer nie.

Hoë bloeddruk is een van die grootste risikofaktore vir hartaanvalle en vir beroerte. Bloeddruk hang af van die hoeveelheid bloed wat die hart met elke sametrekking uitpomp, en hoe maklik dié bloed deur selfs die kleinste bloedvate kan vloei. Hoe nouer die bloedvate, des te moeiliker vloei die bloed daardeur en hoe hoër die bloeddruk. In baie gevalle waar dokters wel hoë bloeddruk opgespoor het en die pasiënt behandeling ontvang, word die pasiënt se bloeddruk nie naastenby so goed beheer as wat nodig is nie. Anders as wat baie mense dink ontstaan hoë bloeddruk dikwels in jonger mense.

Wanneer is bloeddruk hoog?
Navorsers reken normale bloeddruk is so hoog as 130/85 mm Hg, met die hoogste grens van normaal as 140/90 mm Hg. Anders as wat dokters jare lank gereken het, word bloeddruk nie goed genoeg beheer indien dit nie met behandeling laer is 140/90 mm Hg nie.

Die omvang
Verskeie gemeenskapstudies deur die Mediese Navorsingsraad (MNR) toon dat een uit elke vier mense tussen 15 en 64 jaar aan hoë bloeddruk ly. Ongesonde lewenstylgewoontes en verkeerde eetgewoontes speel ?n groot rol in hoë bloeddruk, volgens dr. Krisela Steyn, MNR-navorser en projekleier van talle bloeddruk-studies. Die voorkoms van hoë bloeddruk is ook besig om vinnig onder die swart bevolking toe te neem namate dié groep verstedelik, en algaande westerse eetpatrone en lewenswyses aanleer.

 

Maar meer as 6.2 miljoen Suid-Afrikaners se bloeddruk is hoër as 140/90 mm Hg. Meer as 3,2 miljoen van dié bloeddruklyers se bloeddruk is hoër as 160/95 mm Hg, vlak wat onaanvaarbaar hoog is volgens navorsers.

 

Wie het ?n risiko?
?n Familiegeskiedenis (?n broer/suster/pa/ma met hoë bloeddruk, hartprobleme of beroerte), hoë bloedcholesterolvlakke, diabetes, verkeerde eetpatrone , te hoë alkohol-inname (meer as twee drankies daagliks), oorgewig en gebrek aan oefening is baie sterk invloede. Die gebruik van die Pil, steroïede soos kortisoon en anti-inflammatoriese middels asook rook kan ook ?n mens se bloeddruk verhoog.

Die gevolge
Mense met hoë bloeddruk kan jare lank heeltemal gesond voel omdat hulle harte, niere en brein vir lang periodes die hoër bloeddruk kan verduur. Dit beteken egter nie dat dié organe nie geleidelik benadeel en beskadig word nie. Indien hoë bloeddruk nie behandel word nie, verswak die hart (met simptome soos moegheid, kortasemheid en geswelde enkels), en dit kan ook die bloedvate na die hart, brein, oë, niere en bene gouer laat vernou. Dié vernoude vate kan gouer tot hartaanvalle, beroerte, blindheid, nierskade en ander lewensgevaarlike probleme lei.

Die behandeling
Hoë bloeddruk is slegs onder beheer as dit deur behandeling laer as 140/90 mm Hg gehou word. Baie dokters reken verkeerdelik dat vlakke van 160/95 mm Hg goeie beheer is, maar bloeddruk bo 140/90 mm Hg kan geleidelik orgaanskade veroorsaak. Volgens ?n onlangse MNR-studie ignoreer baie dokters die SA Hipertensie Vereniging se riglyne vir die doeltreffendste bloeddrukmiddels, en skryf hulle té maklik nuwer bloeddrukmiddels (ACE-onderdrukkers en kalsium-antagoniste) voor al het studies nog nie bewys dat dié middels die langtermyn-komplikasies van hoë bloeddruk doeltreffend verminder nie.

Mense wat hul medikasie staak weens onaangename newe-effekte moet bewus wees van die gevolge van onbeheerde hoë bloeddruk.

Hoë bloeddruk kan in die meeste gevalle goed beheer word deur medikasie tesame met ?n gesonde dieet, gewigsverlies vir die oorgewig mense, voldoende matige oefening, beperking van alkohol-inname en rookstaking.

 



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